Q16) Handling API rate limits in Cisco platforms
Your automation hits an API rate limit and receives 429 Too Many Requests with a Retry-After: 15 header. What should your client do?
A. Immediately retry in a tight loop
B. Sleep 15 seconds (or more) before retrying the request
C. Switch to HTTP/1.0 to avoid rate limits
D. Retry with the same request but different User-Agent
Detailed Explanation: 429 indicates throttling; the correct pattern is exponential backoff and respecting Retry-After. Ignoring or busy-looping worsens throttling and can trigger bans.
Q17) Choosing a safe NETCONF workflow for multi-step changes
You must stage several dependent edits and apply them atomically, with an option to discard if validation fails. Which capability/workflow fits best?
A. Edit <running> directly using :writable-running
B. Use <candidate> with :candidate, validate, then <commit>
C. Use <lock> on <running> and <get> afterward
D. Use <confirmed-commit> without a candidate datastore
Detailed Explanation: The candidate datastore lets you build changes, validate, and commit atomically—or discard them—reducing risk compared to editing <running> directly.
Q18) Parsing CLI output into structured data in pyATS
You want to programmatically parse show ip interface brief into a Python dictionary for assertions. Which library should you use?
A. genie.libs.parser
B. ncclient
C. paramiko
D. requests
Detailed Explanation: genie.libs.parser (part of pyATS/Genie) turns raw CLI into structured Python objects, enabling validations and tests. The others are transport libraries, not parsers.
Q19) Telemetry delivery model on IOS-XE
You need the collector to initiate and maintain telemetry sessions to IOS-XE using gNMI. Which delivery model describes this?
A. Dial-out telemetry
B. Dial-in telemetry
C. SNMP informs
D. IPFIX export
Detailed Explanation: In dial-in, the collector connects to the device’s gNMI server (over gRPC). Dial-out is device-initiated streaming to the collector. SNMP/IPFIX are different protocols.
Q20) Enforcing referential integrity in YANG
Your service model has a leaf that must reference a valid interface name defined elsewhere in the datastore. Which YANG type/statement enforces this?
A. identityref
B. leafref
C. typedef
D. anyxml
Detailed Explanation: leafref points to another leaf by path and enforces that only existing values are allowed. identityref targets identities, not instance values.
